Výskumný ústav potravinársky

Lisiecka, M. Z.
An in-depth analysis of the allergen α-gal: mechanisms, consequences and prospects
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 64, 2025, č. 3, s. 175-184

Maria Zofia Lisiecka, Department of Allergology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 137 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: mariazofialisiecka@gmail.com

Review article
Received 20 May 2025; 1st revised 20 June 2025; accepted 18 July 2025; published online 22 July 2025.

Súhrn: The study aims to investigate the structural features of galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), mechanisms of its interaction with the immune system, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and approaches to the prevention and treatment of allergy to this antigen. A comprehensive study was carried out, including analysis of literature data, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and immunological studies. The study established that α-gal is a glycoprotein with a unique three-dimensional conformation determined by its glycan structure, which is recognised by the human immune system as a foreign antigen, causing the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. The antibodies bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils, which, upon repeated contact with α-gal, leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine. It causes skin rashes, swelling, gastrointestinal disorders, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. A special feature is the delayed reaction associated with the slow release of α-gal from food into the bloodstream. Tick bites contribute to α-gal sensitisation due to the presence of this antigen in saliva. Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment, skin tests, IgE antibody levels and provocative tests. Prevention consists of avoiding foods with α-gal and preventing tick bites. Treatment includes epinephrine, antihistamines and promising immunotherapy.

Kľúčové slová: immunology; anaphylactic shock; hypersensitivity to meat; tick bite; antibodies

Na stiahnutie:
  jfnr-2025-3-pp175-184-lisiecka.pdf (PDF, 331.28 Kb, 180x)