Scientific journal

54 2015

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
Summary No. 4 / 2015

Sadowska-Rociek, A. – Cieślik, E. – Sieja, K.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chocolate using the combination of Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe method and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 54, 2015, No. 4, s. 289-297

Anna Sadowska-Rociek, Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland. E-mail: a.sadowska-rociek@ur.krakow.pl, phone: +48 12 662 48 27, fax: +48 12 662 48 25

Received 28 April 2015; revised 28 May 2015; accepted 1 June 2015; published online 14 September 2015.

Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chocolate samples using the innovative combination of the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The outcomes from the optimization experiment indicated that the proposed approach was a rapid and effective sample treatment resulting in acceptable recoveries, satisfactory effects in sample clean-up and good analytical performance. Analysis of real samples showed that chocolate samples were contaminated mostly with light PAHs with phenanthrene as a dominant compound, in the range of 13.5–96.6 ?g·kg-1. Content of total PAHs was significantly lower in white chocolates (68.8 ?g·kg-1) in comparison to samples of dark chocolate (113 ?g·kg-1). The three heaviest PAHs were not identified in any investigated sample. The sum of 4 PAHs markers exceeded the limits established by European Union only in 2 samples of chocolate (with contents of 36.2 ?g·kg-1 and 38.5 ?g·kg-1, respectively).

Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; chocolate; Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe method; dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

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